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1. Nonspillable
The Plus Power VRLA/SLA battery uses an absorbed electrolyte system. All of the electrolytes are absorbed into the positive plates, negative plates, and separators. Coupled with the use of special sealing epoxies, and long sealing paths for posts, Plus Power VRLA/SLA batteries have exceptional leak resistance and can be used in any position.
2. Sealed and Maintenance-free Operation
There is no corrosive gas generation during normal use and no need to check the specific gravity of the electrolyte or to add water during the service life.
3. High Quality and High Reliability
The Plus Power VRLA/SLA battery has a stable and reliable capacity. The battery can withstand overcharge, over-discharge, vibration, and shock. To assure this high quality and reliability, the batteries are 100% tested on the production line for voltage, capacity, and seals, and the safety valve is 100% visually inspected before the final assembly process.
4. Exceptional Deep Discharge Recovery
Plus Power VRLA/SLA batteries have exceptional deep discharge recovery and charge acceptance, even after deep or prolonged discharge.
5. Low Self-discharge
Because of the use of lead calcium grids alloy and high purity materials. Plus Power VRLA/SLA battery can be stored for long periods of time without recharge. The rate of Plus Power VRLA/SLA battery self-discharge on the open circuit is less than 2% per month at 20oC/68oF.
6. Long Service Life
The Plus Power VRLA/SLA battery has a long life in standby or cycle service.
7. Solid Copper Terminals
Ensures the highest current carrying capability.
8. Tank-formed Plates
The initial capacity will be 100% and optimize cell voltage balance, due to the tank formation of the plates.
9. Computer-aided design and manufacturing
Ensures quality products through control of processes and standards
1. Charging Methods
Correct charging is one of the most important factors to consider when using valve-regulated lead acid batteries. Battery performance and service life will be directly affected by the charging methods.
There are four major methods of charging.
Constant voltage charging.
Constant current charging.
Two stages of constant voltage charging. Taper current charging.
1.1 Constant Voltage Charging
This is the recommended method of charging for VRLA batteries. It is necessary to closely control the actual voltage to ensure that it is within the limits advised.
Standby service:
2.23-2.30 vpc at 20oC(68oF) to 25oC(77oF)
Cycle service:
2.40-2.50 vpc at 20oC(68oF) to 25oC(77oF)
It is suggested that the initial current be set within 0.4C Amps. Figure 5 and 6 indicate the time taken to fully recharge the battery. It is also seen that the charging current is decreased to approx 0.5-4mA/Ah under charging voltage 2.30 vpc, and 3-10mA/Ah under charging voltage 2.40vpc when the battery is fully charged at 20oC(68oF) to 25oC(77oF).
Note: it is necessary to ensure that the voltage is correctly set. The charging voltage set too high will increase the corrosion of the positive plates causing loss of capacity and ultimately shortening the life of the battery.
This method of charging is generally not recommended for VRLA batteries. It is necessary to understand that if the batteries are not removed from the charger as soon as possible after reaching a state of full charge. Considerable damage will occur to the batteries due to overcharging. The required recharged capacity is 1.07 to 1.15 times as discharged capacity.
1.3 Two Stages Constant Voltage Charging
This method should not be used where the battery and load are corrected in parallel, however, if this method is to be used, it is suggested that the Plus Power technical department be contacted.
1.4 Taper Current Charging
This method is not recommended for VRLA batteries, however, if this method is to be used it is suggested that the Plus Power technical department be contacted.
2. Effect of Temperature on Charging Voltage
As temperature rises, electrochemical activity in the battery increases. Similarly, as temperature falls, electrochemical activity decreases. Therefore, as the temperature rises, the charging voltage should be reduced to prevent overcharging, as the temperature falls, the charging voltage should be increased to avoid undercharging. In general, to assure optimum service life, the use of a temperature-compensated charger is recommended. The recommended compensation factor for Plus Power VRLA batteries is ±3mV/oC Cell (standby use) and±4mV/oC cell(cyclic use). The standard central point for temperature compensation is 20oC/68oF.
Figure7 shows the relationship between temperatures and charging voltages in both cyclic and standby applications.
3. Charging Time
The time required to complete each charge depends on the discharge condition of the battery, the characteristics of the charge used, or the temperature during the charge. For cyclic use, using constant voltage charging, this time can be estimated by the following expression at 25oC/77oF.
(1)Discharge current: Larger than 0.25CA
Tch = Cdis/I + 3 ~5
(2)Discharge current: Less than 0.25CA
Tch = Cdis/I + 6 ~10
Tch: time required for charge (hours)
Cdis: ampere-hour discharged before
charge started(Ah)
I : initial charging current(A).
Complete charge time for float service will be slightly more than 24 hours.
Note: The minimum recharge capacity should be 1.02~1.05 times of discharge capacity
1. Final Discharging Voltage
The final discharging voltage is the battery terminal voltage in close circuit voltage per cell to which a battery discharges safely and maximizes battery life. The higher the discharging current, the lower the final discharging voltage of the battery.
Discharging Current | Final Discharging Voltage(VPC) |
Up to 0.1CA | 1.75 |
0.11-0.17CA | 1.7 |
0.18-0.25CA | 1.67 |
0.26-1CA | 1.6 |
Above 1.1CA | 1.3 |
2. Battery Discharging Characteristics:
The discharging capacity of the battery depends on the discharge rate being used and the ambient temperature.
Figure 1,2 and 3 show the different discharging currents corresponding to discharging capacity at 250C(770F) for PS, PM, and PL types of batteries. They show that the rated capacity of a battery is reduced when it is discharged at a value of current that exceeds its 10-hour or 20-hour rate.
3. Temperature Effects in Relation to Battery Capacity.
At a higher temperature, the capacity of the battery increases, and conversely, at a lower temperature, the capacity of the battery decreases. Figure 4 shows the effects of different temperatures in relation to battery capacity.
Can calculate the batteries’ rated capacity as following formula if the ambient temperature of the tested battery is not 20oC-25oC(68oF-77oF).
C= Ct
1+k(t-25)
Note:
C: rated capacity
Ct: the tested capacity on t
t: the ambient temperature of the tested battery
k: the coefficient of temperature. It will be increased if the discharge current increases.
k=0.006 20 hours and 10 hours rated capacity testing,
k=0.01 3 hours and 1 hour rated capacity testing.
Battery life depends on a number of key factors. These include:
Operating temperature of the battery;
Method of charging utilized;
Actual use of the product i.e.: standby or cycle service etc.
1. Cyclic Life
Giving due consideration to the above factors, the actual life of a battery in cycle service is dependent on the depth of discharge of each cycle. The greater the depth of discharge of each cycle, the less the number of cycles available from the battery.
2. Standby Life
The estimated life under float service of the PS type is 5 years at 20oC/68oF; the PM type is 10 years at 20oC/68oF; the PL type is more than 15 years at 20oC/68oF. The float service life is affected by the factors listed above and the number of discharging, the depth of discharging the battery suffers during its lifetime. The more discharges suffered and the deeper the discharges, the shorter the battery life. The higher the temperature, the shorter the battery life. If the battery temperature remains at an elevated level for an extended period of time, the expected life is reduced by 50% for each 8 to 10oC of constant temperature above 20oC/68oF.
1. General Storage Conditions:
The battery should be stored under the following conditions.
(1) Low humidity
(2) 50F to 1220F(-150C to 500C)
(3) Clean, and avoid direct sunlight.
2. Capacity after Long Term Storage
After long-term storage, all batteries deliver less than the rated capacity on the first cycle. In cyclic application, full capacity may be obtained through several charge/discharge cycles, typically 2-3 cycles.
3. Refresh Charge
When batteries are placed in extended storage, it is recommended that they receive a refresh charge at recommended intervals as follows;
Refresh charging method:
3 to 5 hours of constant current 0.1C Amps or 12 to 16 hours at a constant voltage of 2.45V/cell
| Storage Ambient: | Recommended Interval |
| Below 200C(680F) | 12 months |
| 200C to 300C(680F to 860F) | 6 months |
| 300C to 400C(860F to 1040F) | 3 months |
4. “Self Life”- typical capacity vs. time
Self-discharge rate is very much dependent on the storage temperature as shown in Figure 13. Lower temperatures allow the battery to be stored for longer periods. (Each ten-degree centigrade drop results in a halving of self-discharge rate and doubles storage time.)
5. “Self Life”-storage time vs. temperature
Figure 14 shows the time for the capacity to decrease to 50% of the nominal capacity at each temperature during storage. If the storage temperature is known, the graph may be used for finding the most useful recommended refresh charge intervals.
Residual capacity can be estimated by measuring the open circuit voltage as shown in Figure 15.
The internal resistance of a battery is lowest when the battery is in a fully charged state. The battery’s internal resistance will be increased gradually during discharge. Figure 16 shows the changing internal resistance of the PS12-7.2(12V7.2Ah) battery during different rated discharging
The Plus Power GEL battery uses sealed gel technology and is designed for high reliability and maintenance-free power for renewable energy applications. Depending on the advantage of gel technology, optimum grid, and plate design, the Plus Power gel battery offers the highest power and reliability for your equipment.
2. Features & Benefits
By the high-tech gelled electrolyte, the GEL battery is completely leakproof and spillproof for easy installation in virtually any position even underwater. It eliminates ultra-deep discharge and acid stratification damage.
Critical pressure control valve maintains critical internal pressure while safely expelling excess gas generated during overcharging, for longer battery life. 100% tested for highest performance.
Brushed plate lugs provide the benefits. Low-resistance straps with outstanding lug-to-knit and eliminate dropped and loose plates that reduce performance and shorten battery life.
Heavy-duty plates with high density and deep-cycle oxide active materials, advanced grid alloy for deep-cycle use, provide quick rechargeability and superior deep-cycle and float performance in the most demanding applications.
Be good at recovery from deep discharge GEL battery has a tight structure and relative supplies of gelled electrolytes always have some ions left to conduct charge current resulting in excellent recovery from deep discharge characteristics.
Completely maintenance-free uses the “recombination” technique to replace the oxygen and hydrogen normally lost in a met cell. Particularly in deep cycle applications (normally use the wet battery), and offer a really maintenance-free battery.
Tank-formed plates offer optimum computerized formation, additional quality control, and improved voltage matching.
Premium glass mat separators reduce gassing and improve gel filling and electron flow, providing more power.
Well, low-temperature performance, even at very low temperatures the gelled electrolyte will not be frozen and provide good performance. Gel battery is well suited to low-temperature applications.
Superior life. The Plus Power gel battery maintains a long cycle and floats life, providing the lowest cost per month or lowest cost per cycle
3. Applications
Water pumping, Wind generation, Cathodic protection, Communications, Solar system, Electric powered vehicles, Golf cars, Commercial deep cycle applications, Power plants, UPS systems
4. Charging
While the Plus Power gel battery will accept a charge extremely well due to its low internal resistance.
For using the sealed design, over-charging will dry out the electrolyte by driving the oxygen and hydrogen out of the battery, through the safety valves. Capacity is reduced and life is shortened If a battery is continually undercharged,
a power-robbing layer of sulfate will build on the plates. Battery performance is reduced, and life is reduced.
So what is important for a gel battery is: to charge at least 2.30V/Cell volts but no more than 2.35V/Cell volts at
68 oF(20 oC). Constant current chargers should never be used on gel batteries.
Constant charging voltage: Shown is the constant charging voltage in relation to the ambient temperature. The bandwidth shows a tolerance of ±30mV/Cell. This constant voltage is suitable for continuing charging and cyclic operation. In a parallel standby mode, it always keeps the battery in a fully charged state; in a cyclic mode, it provides for rapid recharging and highly cyclic performance.
5. Discharge & cycling ability
Battery discharge capacity and cycle life are depended on the depth of discharge (DOD), and the ambient temperature.
Plus Power gel battery is designed for the “acid limited.” This means that the power in the acid is used before the power in the plates. This design prevents the plates from ultra-deep discharges. Ultra-deep discharging is what causes life-shorting plates shedding and accelerates positive grid corrosion which destroys a battery.
Capacity vs. operating temperatures: shown are the changes in incapacity for a wider ambient temperature range, giving the available capacity, as a percentage of the rated capacity, at different ambient temperatures, for 3 different load examples, with uninterrupted discharge to the appropriate discharge cut-off voltage.
The values for the upper edge of the curves were obtained from charging at an ambient temperature of +20℃ with a voltage limit of 2.30V/cell. For the lower edge, charging was carried out at the specified ambient temperature. The curves show the behavior of the battery after a number of cycles.
Plus Power has formed a stable and creative team in the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery module system development field. Plus Power’s customized Li-ion battery products and solutions fully express its core competence in fast response, excellence, customization, and after-sales guarantee. It creates more value for end users in the process of providing special-usage lithium-ion battery products and good test centers established according to IEC61960, IEEE-1725, UL2054, and UL1642 standards, which also has good cooperation with famous test centers at home and abroad. According to EU and NA standards in li-ion battery field.
Plus Power test center provides perfect testing and certification of Li-ion batteries, four-high-one-low batteries ( high temperature, high voltage, high capacity, high power, low voltage ), shaped battery packs, storage battery modules, and special batteries. Plus Power’s test center includes a safety laboratory, environment laboratory, environmental protection laboratory, and photovoltaic power storage laboratory. Equipped with advanced testing instruments and equipment.
Plus Power can conduct overall tests and certifications for raw materials, accessory materials, spare parts, and battery modules at the international level. Plus Power aging test center owns the most comprehensive aging test system including 5V/3A,10V/5A,20V/10A,60V/30A,80V/40A,100V/50A to 100V/100A system, etc.
Features and Benefits：
20 years design life at floating condition
Up to 2 years topping up intervals
Tubular positive plates with prolonged cycle life
High operational reliability
Lead calcium die cast grid with improved corrosion resistance capability
Dry charged package and delivery ensure longer shelf life
Explosive-proof with special designed vented plug
Construction：
Positive plates Tubular plates with die cast Pb-Ca alloy grid
Negative plates – Balanced lead-calcium grids for improve recombination efficiency
Separators – leaf shape PVC-SiO separators
Electrolyte – Dilute chemical grade sulphuric acid of 1.240 specific gravity
Battery container and cover – UL94 V0 flame retardant SAN
Pillar seal – 100% factory tested, proven two layers epoxy resin seal
Relief valve – Complete with integrated flame arrestor
Charging Voltage and Setting：
Constant voltage charging is recommended
Recommended float charge voltage: 2.23VPC @20-25°C
Float voltage temperature compensation: -3mV/°C/cell
Float voltage range: 2.20 to 2.23 VPC@20- 25°C
Cyclic application charge voltage : 2.35V/cell
Max charge current allowable : 0.25C10A
Features and Benefits：
20 years design life at floating condition
Up to 2 years topping up intervals
Tubular positive plates with prolonged cycle life
High operational reliability
Lead calcium die cast grid with improved corrosion resistance capability
Dry charged package and delivery ensure longer shelf life
Explosive-proof with special designed vented plug
Construction：
Positive plates Tubular plates with die cast Pb-Ca alloy grid
Negative plates – Balanced lead-calcium grids for improve recombination efficiency
Separators – leaf shape PVC-SiO separators
Electrolyte – Dilute chemical grade sulphuric acid of 1.240 specific gravity
Battery container and cover – UL94 V0 flame retardant SAN
Pillar seal – 100% factory tested, proven two layers epoxy resin seal
Relief valve – Complete with integrated flame arrestor
Charging Voltage and Setting:
Constant voltage charging is recommended
Recommended float charge voltage: 2.23VPC @20-25°C
Float voltage temperature compensation: -3mV/°C/cell
Float voltage range: 2.20 to 2.23 VPC@20- 25°C
Cyclic application charge voltage : 2.35V/cell
Max charge current allowable : 0.25C 10A
Replacement of battery shall be performed as per exact procedure exercising safety precautions carefully. Pay attention not to shirt-curcuit the battery with tools etc. For the detailed info, refer to the operational manual.
Turn off engine and extract the key. Do not place battery in the vicinity of fire.
When replacing battery currently in use, remove cable from negative terminal firstly and then from positive terminal of battery.
Loosen the fastener of installation rack to remove the old battery, and then replace battery.
Place new battery on installation rack and secure it with tightening bolts. Make sure if the battery is fixed completely by pressing it with hands.
Connect cable with positive terminal first and then with negative terminal. Check the terminal clamps is fitted tightly after installation.
When being charged, or even when not in use, batteries may contain hydrogen gas and air in an explosive mixture. This gas can be ignited by naked flames from matches, cigarette lighters, sparks from short circuits caused by spanners or incorrectly connected jumper leads. Always disconnect the earth lead first and replace it last when removing or replacing batteries. This will minimise the risk of a short circuit between tools and vehicle frame.
Battery electrolyte contains sulphuric acid that can cause damage to eyes, skin or clothes if spilt or splashed. Flush the eyes with running water and seek medical help urgently. Wash or hose off splashes with water. Baking soda and water may be used to neutralise electrolyte and in inaccessible spaces on a vehicle.
If a battery was discharged quickly then it should be recharged quickly, and a slowly discharged battery should be recharged slowly. The main concern is to not overheat nor overcharge the battery.
All batteries contain sulfuric acid and can generate explosive gases. Read and follow all warning labels before charging a battery. Be sure to charge in a well-ventilated area.
It is important to follow the charging instructions to ensure that the battery is returned to a full charge as battery chargers vary by manufacturer. For best results, charge the battery as soon as you know it is discharged.
For charging an average fully discharged automotive battery using a 10-amp automotive charger, it will take approximately 8-10 hours at 80 degrees F temperature to reach full charge.
Warning: Once a battery has been fully charged, it should be disconnected from the charger immediately. Continuing to charge a fully charged battery will severely damage the internal plates and shorten battery life.
Common Causes:
When storing an automobile battery, it is important to make sure it is at a full charge and the electrolyte level is full. A battery stored in a discharged state is susceptible to freezing sulfation and an increased rate of further discharge. The battery should be placed in a cool dry area, the cooler the better without going below 32°F, that is well ventilated and out of reach of children and pets.
A battery will not lose its state-of-charge strictly from placing it on a concrete surface, but will discharge it over a period of time, due simply to neglect.
Always try to avoid using jumper cables unless absolutely necessary. If you have no other option, follow these steps, but always check your specific vehicle instructions before attempting to jump-start (refer to the manufacturer’s handbook):
1. Set the handbrakes of both cars and place in ‘neutral’ or ‘park’. Turn off all switches. Ensure vehicles are not touching each other.
2. Connect the red cable clamp to the positive post of the dead battery. (A)
3. Connect the other end of the red cable clamp to the positive post of the live battery. (B)
4. Connect the Black cable clamp to the negative post of the live battery (C)
5. Make final connection on engine block of stalled car – as far away as possible from battery. (D)
6. Attempt to start ‘dead vehicle’ with ‘live vehicle’ engine OFF. If vehicle has not started in 15 seconds, stop procedure and check ignition and fuel systems.
7. To remove cables, reverse this exact procedure.
Yes, so when working with or near a battery, or jump starting a vehicle, always:
If you get acid on your skin or in your eyes, flush with water immediately and seek medical attention.
You might need to consider replacing your battery if:
Any of these warning signals may also indicate a problem with the electrical system in your vehicle and not necessarily a battery failure. A battery that is about to fail will often give little or no warning. If you suspect that your battery is failing, have it tested or replaced as soon as possible at your local Battery Centre.
1. The inside electrolyte will corrode metal, cotton product, stone. Use properly.
2. Do not place the battery against the side or upside down to prevent acid leakage
3. The hydrogen will be generated during the working and discharging of battery which will cause explosion if there were fire. Pay attention for the following
3.1. Maintain and use the battery where is ventilate
3.2. No sparks and flame when the battery is in maintenance
3.3. If the battery is charging outside the vehicle which can’t be installed immediately after finish charging until laying at lease 10min to release the hydrogen generated inside the battery.
3.4. After riding, the battery can’t be dismounted immediately until laying for at least 10 mins
3.5. During charging, the ambient temperature should not be over 45oC, Otherwise cooling by water or by reducing the charging current and charging volts.
4. DO NOT place the metal tool or conducting matter nearby the terminal in case short-circuit the terminal
5. DO not knock the terminal by hammer during the battery installation
6. Be safe during carrying to prevent hitting
1. Always connect the positive terminal firstly.
DO NOT reverse polarity otherwise the electrical equipment of motorcycle will damage.
Caution:
*Some can’t be activated due to the different performance of different vehicle. Start the engine for more times or step on gas which can more easily to activate.
*Manual activation is recommend to achieve exact date recorded.
2. During acid filling, wearing acid-proof cloths, rubber boots, shield glass and rubber glove etc.
If the skin and clothes are splashed by acid, wash by large quantity of water. Seek medical help if necessary.
3. DO NOT over discharging the battery, charging the battery timely after discharging.
4. Dismount or disconnect the negative terminal of battery if the motorcycle hasn’t been in service for long term.
5. DO NOT check the battery has power or not by short-circuit the terminal.
6. Regularly check the terminal connection and the surface of terminal is clean or not to ensure well connection.
7. Storage the battery where is 5~25oC, dry, ventilated and no direct sunshine. Keep the battery at least 2m away from the heat source. Regularly check and maintain the battery
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